Thursday, June 30, 2011

Statement 4

Dramaturge Statement: The Glass Menagerie

            In researching this show I’ve found that if I was directing it the most important thing would be to make the audience feel as much involved in the play as the actors. This show is so focused on showing us the hardships of the people it is centered around and the variations those hardships come in. It is important to make those things as real as possible so that when Tom and Amanda get into it the audience feels like they are sitting in on a real family argument which nine out of ten times is an extremely uncomfortable situation, or when Tom is just narrating and standing in the alley it is important for the audience to see that they live in the slum apartments so that they know where exactly these people are coming from.
            The biggest thing besides casting this I think is the set. The surroundings these people are in tell a lot about their story and what they are up against in the world at that time. I think for the audience to feel as connected as possible they almost need to travel back with the cast into 1937 and really see what it was like for this family. Just because this family lives in the slums doesn’t mean they don’t have class, the set has to reflect that even though they are in the slums Amanda still takes pride in what they have and treats it well. So if the outside set is torn up and tattered then I think the inside needs to be somewhat nicer to implicate that these people were once upstanding people who fell on hard times but are still able to salvage something’s out of the hardships.
            The value of a dollar in this show is enormous and the show should reflect that without anything having to be said. The things in the house that have sentimental value i.e. the glass figurines need to be placed in a spot where they are not a spectacle but very visible to the audience that way everyone has an understanding how important these things are and how fragile they can be.
            The biggest problem in reading reviews of past productions  was in worse off productions of this the cast wasn’t used as an ensemble. This is a very closely related show and each character has issues with the other one for different reasons and to different degrees. For instance, Amanda’s displeasure with Tom is a completely displeasure than hers with Laura, however both of them are still in conflict it seems the entire show. The biggest issue with this is that if all of these connections are not made between the four characters then it is easy to get lost in what the conflicts are and why they are happening to each certain person. If the cast works as an ensemble and not so much as individuals then it seems the objectives of each character become more clear and the audience is able to keep up in a much better fashion rather than trying to piece it all together like a jigsaw puzzle and ending up confused by the end of the play as to what’s going on.
            Also, the direction has to be done in a way that the whole show is not just directed as one big fight. With this much conflict in a show it would be easy just to direct everything as if it was a constant fight throughout the show. The director has to find that happy medium between complete chaos and a calm sensible environment, the best way to do that is to really work on the moments where they do show genuine love to one another and then contrast them with the angry moments. The last thing an audience wants to see is just a fight going on onstage the entire time and never see any  resolve anywhere not just the end of the play. I think if the actors and directors are committed to doing these things there is not much that can go wrong with the show because it lends so much to the director already in just writing.   

Friday, June 24, 2011

Project #3 Statement

Producing the Play
            In The Glass Menagerie there aren’t many problems with the text at all, overall the language is pretty easy to understand with not a whole lot of things that have to be defined in order to understand what they are. I think the biggest issue throughout the script is the way to portray Tom. You can either direct it the way that the audience can look at him and recognize that he has done wrong things and still feel for him in a sense because of the pressures he is under, or you can direct it like he is just a purposeful asshole regardless of his circumstances. Having to choose between these two things is a very important choice in how the director would like the show to turn out. Either way you look at it because of the script Tom still has to do what is written and spend the money and abandon his mother and sister the problem however lies in how you want Tom to be viewed during and at the end of the play.
            Here at Sam Houston State we are often faced with the wanting to do a show but not having age appropriate people that the script calls for. In most educational settings and even here it is done quite often that all of the older roles are played by people who either look older or can act older even though they are within the same age range as the younger characters there is still that age contrast between the older and younger characters. In a show such as The Glass Menagerie the only real problem you run into is casting Amanda and how old you want her to actually be and you can cast the other three roles accordingly. So if we had someone that could reasonably play mid 50’s to early 60’s you could cast Tom and Amanda a little older looking but vice versa if Amanda can only pull off early 50’s.
Other productions that I was able to research were mostly professional theatres and so they were able to use that actual age range of people to cast in their show. So mostly they pulled it off in just regular fashion. However a select few were able to just adjust how old their Tom, Laura, and Jim looked according to how old Amanda was played. One of the productions at Cincinnati Shakespeare Company Tom was played by the director and after reading reviews he took a lot of liberty with his character that wasn’t necessarily needed. I was shocked after reading that because when I first saw the  director also  starred in the production I was expecting it to get much better reviews.
Most reviews I read about The Glass Menagerie were great reviews that had exceptional things to say about the show however, there were a few that got less than good reviews. Every critic in every review eluded to the fact that this was such a classic script and how much they enjoyed it just as a script and a literary work. With a production like this I think it is really hard to do something wrong since it is such a classic and there are not only examples of other productions out there but plenty of help if one didn’t know how to direct something in it. Almost all of the critics also focused on how well the ensemble of the cast was in the good reviews. The ensemble of characters is great in this show and can really make or break the show that the director wishes to produce.

Basic Facts, 1 image, 2 review capsules

Producing company: Roundabout Theatre Company
Venue: Harold and Miriam Steinberg Center for Theatre
City, State: New York, NY
Month(s), Year: 3/5/10-5/30/10
Director: Gordon Edelstein
Designers:
Lighting- Jennifer Tipton
Sound- David Bundries


The bite of the humor will disarm and delight those willing to see the play with fresh eyes and hear it with open ears, just as it may inflame the sensibilities of those who prefer their Williams slathered in cliché.
Charles Isherwood, NY Times
March 25, 2010

"If you want proof that no play, however great, is indestructible, consider Roundabout Theatre Company's revival of "The Glass Menagerie," inherited from the Long Wharf Theatre and starring Judith Ivey. Blame director Gordon Edelstein for this dramatic stillbirth.
John Simon, Bloomberg.com
March 25, 2010

Basic facts, 1 image, 1 review capsule

Producing Organization: Cincinnati Shakespeare Company                
Theatre/Venue: Cincinnati Shakespeare Company
City, State: Cincinnati, OH
Month(s), Year: 2/22/08-3/16/08
Director: Drew Fracher


Designers: Lighting- Will Turbyne Sound- Jennifer Johnson


Review Capsule:

These days first-night audiences stand up for card trick. Nobody stood up at CSC. Seeing this production wont assure you that The Glass Menagerie isn’t a pinnacle in American Theatre.

Tom McElfresh, Onstage Review.
Wednesday February 27,

Basic facts and 1 Image

Producing Organization: Water Tower Theatre
Theatre/Venue: Addison Theatre Center- Main Stage
City, State: Addison, TX
Month(s), Year: 4/2/09-4/26/09
Director: Terry Martin
Designers:
Lighting- Jason S. Foster







    Sound- Curtis Craig

Basic facts and 1 review capsule




 Basic Facts
Producing Organization: Orlando Shakespeare Theatre
Theatre/Venue: J Goldman Theatre
City, State: Orlando, FL
Month(s), Year: 10/15/08- 11/16/08
Director: David Lee
Designers:
Lighting- Kevin Griffin
Costume- Denise Warren

Review capsule

Director David Lee has assembled an excellent cast for this production, and the Orlando Shakespeare Theater's version of Williams' masterpiece is a touching and faithful rendition.
Al Krulik- Orlando Weekly
http://orlandoshakes.org/about/archive/20th-season.html#theglassmenagerie

Basic Facts only

Basic Facts:
Producing Organization: Waterfront Playhouse
Theatre/Venue: Main stage
City, State: Key West, FL
Month(s), Year: 5/3/06-5/27/06
Director: Danny Weathers
Designers:
Lighting- Kim Hanson
Costume- Kathleen O’Neal



Basic Facts:
Producing Organization: Delaware Theatre Company
Theatre/Venue: Main stage
City, State: Wilmington, DE
Month(s), Year: 10/27/04-11/21/04
Director: John Grassilli
Designers:
Lighting- Rebecca Frederick
Costume- Millie Hiibel

Basic Facts:
Producing Organization: American Conservatory Theatre
Theatre/Venue: Geary Theatre
City, State: San Francisco, CA
Month(s), Year: 3/29/02-4/28/02
Director: Larry Dellinger  
Designers:
Lighting- Peter Maradudin
Costume- Deborah Dryden

Basic Facts:
Producing Organization: Every Man Theatre
Theatre/Venue: not specified
City, State: Baltimore, MD
Month(s), Year: 2/11/00-3/11/00
Director: Donald Hicken  
Designers:
Lighting- Jay A. Herzog
Costume- Rosemary Pardee

Monday, June 20, 2011

Sounds and Images

Sounds and Images


Factory in St. Louis in the 1930’s-

Macro View

Macro View



 July 24, 1937-Scottsboro boys rape charges are dropped- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottsboro_Boys


January 20, 1937-Roosevelt Sworn in for 2nd term- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt

January 31, 1937- The Ohio River floods- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio_River_flood_of_1937

March 1937- First issue of Detective Comics-

January 26, 1934- The Apollo theatre opens in Harlem, NYC-

March 3, 1934-John Dillinger escapes from jail in Crown Point Indiana-

November 21, 1934- Cole Porter’s Anything Goes with Ethel Merman premieres in New York City-

June 10, 1935- Alcoholics Anonymous is founded in Akron, Ohio-

March 1, 1936- Construction of the Hoover Dam is completed-




The World of the Play

The World of The Glass Menagerie

            The Glass Menagerie is set in 1937 in St. Louis, MO and is centered around a struggling working class family with more issues than just enough money to go around. With the depression getting closer to being over and the end being just on the forward horizon the audience sees the effects of what happened eight years prior to our story taking place. The stock market crash in 1929 directly coincides with the problems the Wingfield’s are experiencing at the current time of the play and ultimately leads to the family being torn apart because of the scarcity of money.
            Tom is a factory worker in a very unstable if not the most unstable economy the United States has ever seen, during this time unemployment was not uncommon and had Tom not run away after losing his job at the shoe warehouse he would have just been one of the many people standing in the unemployment/strike lines but he would have been standing in a bread line as well. Times were hard for blue collar workers such as Jim and Tom, an opportunity to work was something that was valued and many times the only way a family could stay afloat. Even people with jobs were still not able to live comfortably, the apartment the Wingfield’s live in is an inner city apartment and of course small and not in the nicest conditions. Even though the lights turning off in the show is a big thing, this was not uncommon for people that lived in the inner city and slums to have their electricity go out regardless of if they paid the bill. Most apartment buildings had thousands of people living in them with multiple families in one household.Things like the glass figurines to these people were precious possessions and very important keepsakes. Things like these were not incredibly common which is why they are such prized possessions to Laura and Amanda.
            Some explanations for Tom’s sometimes irrational thinking can come from people saying it was the money issues, the alcohol, the pent up rage and all of these are valid points but this was a time when people who couldn’t make money the right and legal way were making money and becoming famous for robbing banks and being notorious thieves throughout the nation. These things were especially popular in the Midwest and South were our play takes place so a valid argument could be that Tom running away could be sparked by interest in current events with famous criminals such as John Dillinger, and Bonnie and Clyde. Alcohol was also a big issue at this time in the United States and also played a major role in the behavior of Tom.
            Not all workers were like Tom however, there were men like Jim that were stand up guys just trying to make it through the hard times. The gentleman caller idea is more like a modern day dating website that had to be set up through people like matchmakers. This was not uncommon for a mother like Amanda from her background to be pushing for Laura to find a boyfriend and eventually get married so the man can take care of her. This was a social norm throughout the 1930’s and was the way most people met their partners in this time. The thing that isn’t normal is that Jim who is the gentleman caller currently has a fiancé. Most gentleman callers were single already and looking for a partner just as much as the mother is looking for one for her daughter.
            As it is a big deal in the production people like Tom running away from their families and basically abandoning them was not an uncommon practice. Mostly men in the same situations as Tom would set out to find something new in their life to try and start over, people were heading North to New York City or West to California in search of finding a new life. Some were able to do it and some were faced with even more adversity than the life they had before leaving. We as the reader and audience member do not know exactly what happened while Tom was away but we know he returns out of guilt for leaving his sister which was something that was way more uncommon than him leaving.

Thursday, June 9, 2011

Character Descriptions

  • Amanda Wingfield: A woman abandoned by her husband some 16 years ago, is trying to raise her children under harsh financial conditions. Her devotion to her children has made her, as she admits at one point, a "witch," and she longs for the kind of Old South gentility and comforts which she remembers from her youth for her children. Once a Southern belle, she still clings to whatever powers vivacity and charm can muster.
  • Laura Wingfield: Amanda's daughter. She is slightly crippled and has an extra-sensitive mental condition.
  • Tom Wingfield: Amanda's son. He works in a warehouse but aspires to be a writer. He feels both obligated toward yet burdened by his family.
  • Jim O'Connor: A workmate of Tom's (a shipping clerk) and acquaintance of Laura's from high school (specifically named Soldan High School), is also the physical representation of all Laura's desires and all Amanda's desires for her daughter. He is invited over to the Wingfields' house for dinner with the intent of being Laura's first gentleman caller. He seems like a dream come true for the Wingfields.
  • Mr. Wingfield: Amanda's absentee husband, represented by a large portrait on the set and frequently referred to by Amanda. He never appears in person during the play.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Glass_Menagerie#Plot_summary

Plot Summary

      The play is introduced to the audience by Tom as a memory play, based on his recollection of his mother Amanda and his sister Laura.Amanda's husband abandoned the family long ago. Although a survivor and a pragmatist, Amanda yearns for the illusions and comforts she remembers from her days as a fêted Southern belle. She yearns especially for these things for her daughter Laura, a young adult with a crippled foot and tremulous insecurity about the outside world.
         
      Tom works in a warehouse, doing his best to support them. He chafes under the banality and boredom of everyday life and spends much of his spare time watching movies in cheap cinemas at all hours of the night. Amanda is obsessed with finding a suitor for Laura, who spends most of her time with her collection of little glass animals. Tom eventually brings a nice boy named Jim home for dinner at the insistence of his mother, who hopes Jim will be the long-awaited suitor for Laura. Laura realizes that Jim is the man she loved in high school and has thought of ever since.

        After a long evening in which Jim and Laura are left alone by candlelight in the living room, waiting for electricity to be restored, Jim reveals that he is already engaged to be married, and he leaves. During their long scene together, Jim and Laura have shared a quiet dance, and he accidentally brushes against the glass menagerie, knocking the glass unicorn to the floor and breaking its horn off ("Now it's just like the other horses," Laura says). When Amanda learns that Jim was engaged she assumes Tom knew and lashes out at him: ("That's right, now that you've had us make such fools of ourselves. The effort, the preparations, all the expense! The new floor lamp, the rug, the clothes for Laura! All for what? To entertain some other girl's fiancé! Go to the movies, go! Don't think about us, a mother deserted, an unmarried sister who's crippled and has no job! Don't let anything interfere with your selfish pleasure. Just go, go, go - to the movies !") At play's end, as Tom speaks, it becomes clear that Tom left home soon afterward and never returned.

         In Tom's final speech, as he watches his mother comforting Laura long ago, he bids farewell: "Oh, Laura, Laura, I tried to leave you behind me, but I am more faithful than I intended to be! I reach for a cigarette, I cross the street, I run into the movies or a bar, I buy a drink, I speak to the nearest stranger - anything that can blow your candles out! [LAURA bends over the candles.]- for nowadays the world is lit by lightning ! Blow out your candles, Laura - and so good-bye." Laura blows the candles out as the play ends.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Glass_Menagerie#Plot_summary

Casting Statement

Casting Statement

            Casting for this show I think has to be done traditionally primarily because of the year it is set in. Traditionally I would cast most things color blind because with most modern scripts today they don’t set quite the boundary on race ethnicity casting because it is not as big of an issue in today’s society as it was in the past. However, with this show I think there are certain factors that determine that it should be traditionally cast.
            When casting this I think a person should keep in mind that since it is 1937 they have to consider the racial tensions going on in St. Louis and in the South and be able to make a casting choice that supports what we know about interracial reactions during that time period. It was hardly right to be seen with someone of the opposite race much less to be dating them, which is a big theme in The Glass Menagerie in that Laura and Jim have somewhat of a romantic relationship. In those days it would be absolutely unacceptable for a young white girl to be in a romantic relationship with a male who is a minority. A good question arose while writing and I asked myself “ Is it safe to assume they are white?” “Could it be perhaps they are a minority family?” but with Amanda’s background being a wealthy and upper class one we can assume they were white because white people in that time were the only ones who were allowed to possess that social status. Although the Wingfield’s are not an upper class family as Amanda grew up in she still tries to reinforce those values in her kids and still dreams of maybe having that life back again, therefore the likelihood of her wanting Laura to date interracially and trying to set her up with someone of the opposite color would be very low.
            The South in the 1930’s was extremely segregated and that would be my main motivation for casting this traditionally because this family is already behind the eight ball with their current situation and so I don’t think they would add another obstacle to their already tough road ahead.
            With these kinds of factors influencing our casting so much I think it is imperative that the show be cast traditionally and to do everything as Tennessee Williams intended. If someone were to color blind cast this show I think it would cause a lot more trouble than its worth on the historical side of the show because it was such a big issue during these times and it would not just slip by anyone that she was romantically involved with someone of a different ethnic background.

Glass Menagerie Fable

The Glass Menagerie Fable

Tom is the narrator in this show and it is told through his point of view. He is a worker at a warehouse in St. Louis, MO and works to support his mom and sister since their father left with only sending one postcard. Tom is a factory worker who longs to be a poet but because of his situation it’s a hard task to accomplish, which ultimately fuels a lot of his rage. Because of this Tom and his mother Amanda’s  relationship is a rocky one and they even argue at the beginning about something as small as how Tom chews his food. Tom eventually gets so mad that he breaks Amanda’s fragile glass treasures.
 Unlike her mother Laura is extremely shy and does not pursue life in the way her mother would want her to. One of the things Amanda wants for Laura is for her to be educated, she enrolls Laura in a business school and is extremely angry when she finds out that Amanda has been skipping class to just walk around the city. From the very beginning Amanda is pushing Laura to find a boyfriend and even goes so far as to get Tom to start looking for men at the warehouse to bring home to meet Laura. Tom invites a coworker named Jim Collins not knowing that Laura used to have a huge crush on him in high school. When Laura finds this out she opens the door for him at Amanda’s request and immediately returns to her room until dinner is over. During the middle of dinner the lights go out and Tom tells Amanda the reason the lights are out is because he didn’t pay the electric bill.
 Eventually Laura and Jim start talking and Laura tells him that she always had a crush on him throughout high school and they remember how Laura got her nickname from Jim which is “Blue Roses”. He called her this because she was so shy when she told him why she had a brace on her leg she said “plerosis” and he mistook it for Blue Roses. After they get more comfortable Laura show Jim her Glass unicorn and then Jim breaks off the horn but Laura forgives him and says its just a horse now by the end of the date they end up kissing and then Jim tells Laura that he cant do this because he has a fiancé. Laura ends up being severely crushed by this but not quite as crushed as Amanda because Amanda fears that Laura will lose social status because of this.  
Tom ends up leaving St Louis taking the money that was for the bills.

Project 1 exegesis

Matriculating- pg 11 : to enroll as a member of a body and especially of a college or university



Gentlemen Callers- pg 11-  An old expression for when a young man would call (visit) on a young woman. people would say "judy had a gentleman caller last night".


Mastications- pg 12-  To chew (food). http://www.thefreedictionary.com/mastication




Episcopalians- pg 12- People of the Episcopal church which is a denomination of a Christian belief. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Episcopal_Church_(United_States)




Operetta-pg 19- a genre of light opera, light in terms both of music and subject matter. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operetta


Pleurosis- pg 19- Pleurisy is an inflammation of the membrane that surrounds and protects the lungs (the pleura). Inflammation occurs when an infection or damaging agent irritates the pleural surface. As a consequence, sharp chest pains are the primary symptom of pleurisy. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Pleurosis



Archetype- pg 20- The original pattern or model in which all things of the same type are representations or copies http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/archetype


Impudence- pg 23- The quality or state of being impudent; effrontery; insolence



Friday, June 3, 2011

Basic information about The Glass Menagerie

Basic facts about the script

Author- Tennessee Williams
First production- March 31,1945
Play Structure- 2 acts, 8 scenes
Cast breakdown- 2 Men, 2 Women
Original Broadway Cast -
Tom- Eddie Dowling
Laura- Laurette Taylor
Amanda- Julie Haydon
Jim- Anthony Ross
Approximate running time- 100 minutes
Genre label- Drama according to most sources
Brief bio of playwright-
                                        In the small town of Columbus, Mississippi on March 26, 1911, Thomas Lanier Williams, also know as the famous author Tennessee Williams, was born. He was the second child, and first son of Corneilious and Edwina Williams.His father was an international shoe salesman, a heavy drinker and a strong gambler. He too was going to become a drinker. He was gone a lot during Tennessee's childhood, that forced him to spend enormous amounts of time with his sister Rose, mother, and grandparents. Despite the fact that Tennessee didn't like his father he adored his maternal grandfather. At seven, Tennessee was diagnosed with Diphtheria. For two years he could do almost nothing. With this his mother wasn't going to allow him to waste his time just sitting around, so she encouraged him to use his imagination a lot. At thirteen his mother gave him a typewriter, nothing like today's modern computers." He spent most of his time closing his eyes. He could see wonderful, magnificent scenes in his mind." Anonymous critic.His mother didn't approve of him playing with other boys. After grammar and high school years ended in 1929, he set out to find a college. The first college he went to was the University of Missouri. His father didn't approve of his son becoming an author so, after his first year at Missouri his father made him quit and work in the shoe business. All he wanted to do was writing, in his case it was his form of escape from the outside world. At times it would keep him up all night, and it made him terribly exhausted, later on leading to a nervous breakdown and a heart problem due to lack of sleep. After going to the hospital for a while his father agreed to let him go to the University of Washington. There he got some of his papers published. He didn't win the writing contest he entered, so he quit and went to University of Iowa. That is where he received the name Tennessee. The boys at the University knew he came from the south, and from Tennessee, so as a nickname he was called that, and he decided to keep it. "It's better then being called Mississippi," he joked. Around this time he got his Bachelors Degree from Iowa, and Rose, his older sister had gotten a Frontal Lobotomy. This affected Tennessee Williams for the rest of his life knowing that his sister and good friend wasn't ever going to be the same again. He felt guilty because of this. "The Glass Menagerie" has some biographical background to it, in the story; Tennessee Williams is "Tom" and he is struggling to support his mother, and sister after his father leaves a few year before. His form of escape is the movies, where he goes to find action and adventure. At the end of the story he leaves, just like his father did, and who never comes back.He dreamed of joining the Writers Project of Chicago, but was turned down. That is when he decided to come down to New Orleans. He came and went from New Orleans. He lived here on and off in and around the French Quarter.When his eyesight faded as his writing carrier began to sprout. He was an overnight success as a result of "The Glass Menagerie." Even though this happened his plays were slowly produced one by one. In fact many of them failed, but he never gave up. During this time he had to support himself in doing so he had worked as a Teletype operator, a poetry-recycling writer, and a theater usher. In 1943, he got the job as a scriptwriter.He won he Pulitzer Prize for his story "A Streetcar Named Desire." Many of his plays were made into movies and were hits. He was said to have a deep feeling for mystery in people's lives. He once said to an interviewer "Perhaps his unknowingness could tell, I can not." He tried to include romantic scenes even though he was brought up not to talk about them. Loneliness followed him around like a shadow and never left him.At one point in his life, he thought he had breast cancer and had a surgery. The surgery proved that it wasn't breast cancer but a lump due to his heavy drinking. At this point his life you would think his life were falling apart. He had psychiatric help. Everything was terrible. It was said that he had a hard time walking down the street without there being a bar in sight, not because he needed a drink but because he could go in to feel secure and get a drink if he needed one.He also traveled to Europe, Africa, Mexico, and finally settled in Key West. He was very famous at the time. After he had gotten psychiatric help he started t get his life together.On February 24th 1983, one night before going to sleep he took his usual Seconals to help him sleep. There were many pills scattered on the bedside table along with a picture of the Virgin Mary and Child (he took it every where he went). Later that night he reached for another Seconals and grabbed a plastic cap. It was stuck in is throat, as he tried to summon for help, no one could hear him. He knocked something over, and it made a crashing noise. His friend in the other room, Jon, heard the noise and ignored it, so then he died. (http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0215102/tennesseewilliams.htm)

Publication info, licensing and rights- http://www.dramatists.com/cgi-bin/db/single.asp?key=1813